CELL ANATOMY
I Cell
A. Definitions: basic unit of life
B. Plasmalemma
1. semipermeable: creates a separate compartment for specialization
2. surface projections
a. cilia: coordinated movement to move substances along surfaces
b. flagella: propel sperm
c. microvilli: surface folds to increase surface area
cilia
flagellum
microvilli
C. Cytoplasm
1. cytosol (cell fluid)
2. organelles: small membrane-bound compartments
a. mitochondria: energy production
1. cristae (folds of inner membrane)
2. matrix (substance enclosed by inner membrane)
b. membrane networks
1. RER (rough or ribosomal endoplasmic reticulum): protein processing
2. SER (smooth endoplasmic reticulum): lipid processing
3. Golgi apparatus: protein sorting and packaging
c. lysosome: �demolition site�
1. contains digestive enzymes
d. nucleus: control center
1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
a. chromatin (extended DNA)
b. chromosomes (condensed DNA during mitosis)
2. nucleolus: RNA
3. cytoskeleton
a. microtubules: support and transport
b. microfilaments: cell locomotion and contraction
c. intermediate filaments: support
By the end of this unit you should be able to do the following:
- define a cell
- distinguish between cytoplasm and cytosol
- explain why it is necessary for a cell to be enclosed by a plasma membrane
- define semi-permeable
- list three types of structures found on the surface of the plasmalemma
- compare and contrast the functions of cilia, flagella, and microvilli, how are they alike, how do they differ
- list three types of membrane networks (endoplasmic reticula) found in the cell
- compare and contrast the function of these three membrane networks, how are they alike, how do they differ
- describe the structure of a mitochondrion (draw one and label the parts)
- define lysosome
- compare the structure and the function of a mitochondrion to a lysosome
- describe the anatomical differences (location and structure) between the nucleus and the nucleolus
- define DNA and RNA
- describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA (make a rough diagram)
- contrast chromatin and chromosomes. (how do they differ?)
- compare chromatin and chromosomes (how are they alike?)
- draw he three types of cytoskeletal structures from smallest to largest
- identify the different parts of a cell on a typical cell diagram
click here for
cell animation
(puzzles and quizzes available on this site)
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