Vertebrae
Distinguish between cervical
, thoracic 
, lumbar 
and
sacral vertebra 
, identify an
atlas 
and an axis 
. On each vertebra identify the following bony landmarks:
body 
,
transverse process 
, spinous process 
, articular processes 
,
articular facets 
and
vertebral foramen 
. Find the odontoid process (dens) 
on the axis and the
transverse costal facets 
and costal demifacets 
on a thoracic vertebra and the
transverse foramen 
on a cervical vertebra. On the vertebral column identify the
intervertebral foramina 
and the sacral foramina 
. Identify
the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral curvatures.Ribs
Identify head
, neck 
, tubercle 
, angle,
subcostal groove 
, and body 
. On the
articulated skeleton identify the true, false and floating ribs.Sternum
Identify the segments called sternebrae. The wide superior segment is the manubrium
.
The body (gladiolus) 
is made up of four central sternebrae. The joint between
the manubrium and the gladiolus is the sternal angle (angle of Louis) 
.
The inferior most sternebra is the
xiphoid process 
.Scapula
Identify the spine
, acromion 
, metacromion (cat only) 
,
supraspinous fossa 
,
infraspinous fossa 
, subscapular fossa 
, glenoid cavity 
, coracoid process 
,
suprascapular notch 
, superior angle 
, inferior angle
, supraglenoid tubercle
,
infraglenoid tubercle
, and vertebral border (medial border) 
.Clavicle
Identify the acromion end (distal end)
and the sternal end
(proximal end) 
.Skull
On the occipital bone locate the occipital condyles
, nuchal lines
and the
external occipital
protuberance 
. Identify the mastoid process 
of the temporal bone.Identify the above on the articulated cat skeleton.